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Knee Deformities in Children - Dr. vivek Agarwal

 Deformities around Knee

Genu Varum (Bow legs) & Genu Varum (Knock Knees) are common deformities around the knees in children. 

They should be addressed at proper time to maintain normal alignment, so that there is no problem in walking, running and other sports activities in children & to prevent arthritis in later life. 

These deformities can be both physiological as well as pathological. 


The new born have a physiological Genu Varum which is maximum at around 1 year & later corrects itself as the child grows till 3-4 years.

Physiological Genu Valgum is seen around the age of 3-4 years & it corrects itself by 7-8 years. 

If Genu Varum persists beyond 2 years, it is considered pathological & the main reasons are:

1. Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets

2. Hypophosphatemic Rickets

3. Blounts

4. Physeal Injuries (Trauma & Infection)

Similarly, Pathologic Genu Valgum can occur:

1. Due to Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets

2. Renal Osteodystrophy

3. Dysplasias

4. Epi-Physeal injuries etc


Main Investigation Required:

1. Vitamin D3

2. S. Calcium, Phosphorous & Alkaline Phosphatase

3. Renal Workup

4. X-rays/ MRI for Physeal  Injuries


Medical Treatment (Medical & Surgical)

Medical: Mainly for Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets, Hypophosphatemic Rickets, in case of Renal Osteodystrophy 

Surgical: Depends on the age of the patient

1. Growth Modulation or Hemi Epiphysiodesis in skeletally immature patients where at least one or two years of growth is left. 

2. Osteotomy & Fixation in skeletally mature patients.

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Location: 13, Chitra Vihar, Swasthya Vihar, Delhi, 110092, India

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